Most of these students had to work part and even full time as cooks, chauffeurs, house boys, dishwashers and other low-paying jobs.
They formed students' associations to provide badly needed social functions, but many of them also found the economic struggle for survival an all consuming process. and throughout America were greatly isolated from the white mainstream society and from other minority groups. In 1942,twenty of these men formed an army which later went to Shanghai (the base of the national government in exile) to help train fellow Koreans in guerrilla tactics. The Korean population occupied less than 1% of the total D.C. of this period were mostly intellectuals and political figures who came to the United States as students and to work toward the establishment of an independence movement. Thus, Korean communities remained small and suffered great hardships in this foreign culture. The Japanese annexation of Korea, which was to last for 35 years, greatly limited the freedom to travel abroad and immigrate. This was a common characteristic of Korean communities in the U.S. Even now, Korean Christian churches perform the same functions in Korean communities throughout the United States.īetween 19, the number of Koreans living in D.C. Because of the absence of these organizations, many of the Korean social functions and services were performed by Korean Christian churches. Another cause was the fact that, in contrast to the Chinese or Japanese communities in America, Korean communities in America lacked clan associations, merchant guilds, and gentry-type benevolent associations. One of the reasons was the language barrier which many could not overcome for a long time. Although the advertisements of the Hawaiian plantation contractors made the Islands sound like a paradise, life was very difficult for the Korean laborers. during this mainland migration, but there were no records of actual numbers that came. There might have been around five Koreans who came to D.C. Later, some of these immigrants left the Hawaiian Islands for mainland United States in search of jobs and higher wages.
When the Korean government put an end to immigration late in 1905, about 11,000 Koreans had already come to the Hawaiian Islands. The Korean government allowed immigration because the government thought immigration was a possible solution to the distress caused by a drought in the Pyongan Province, which is in northwest Korea. A group of 93 contract laborers left Korea for Honolulu early in 1903. Koreans began to immigrate to this hemisphere in 1902 when representatives from Hawaiian sugar plantations came to the port of Inchon seeking agricultural workers. Even though there were a number of students in D.C., a significant Korean population did not exist until after the liberation of Korea from Japan in 1945. was an ambassador appointed by the king of Korea who arrived some time in the 1880's. The first known Korean to set foot in Washington, D.C.
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